Home Learning date 17/10/2020 Study STD 3 to 8 materials video DD Girnar/Diksha portal video.With Akio Kamio and Ken-ichi Takami, eds., Function and Structure, we move from cognitive to functional linguistics. The volume is a collection of thirteen papers in honour of Susumu Kuno, the founder of a specific stream of functionalism ultimately inspired by Prague School linguists but linked, unlike some other functional schools, with the American formalist approach of generative grammar. Seven of the contributions in this collection are on functional syntax and six on other topics, while the data discussed come from languages such as English, Italian, French, Russian, Korean and Japanese. The papers on English include ‘A Comparison of Postposed Subjects in English and Italian’ by Gregory Ward, who discusses the pragmatics of existential (there’s a problem) and presentational (there arrived a man) there-sentences and compares them with Italian sentences involving existential ci (c’รจ un segreto istruttorio ‘there’s a secret inquest’) and subject postposing (era salita tua sorella sull’autobus ‘your sister got on the bus’). English presentational there-sentences and the two Italian constructions are sensitive to the discourse status of the postposed constituent, which must be new information, whereas existential there-sentences are constrained to represent entities that are hearer-new, i.e. not already familiar to the hearer. In ‘A Functional Constraint on Extraposition from NP’, Ken-ichi Takami shows that the acceptability of a wide range of sentences involving extraposition from NP depends on the functional constraint known as the More/Less Important Information Condition: extraposition is only possible if it crosses elements conveying unimportant information, as in John drove a car in London with a sunroof, as opposed to the unacceptable *John drove a car carefully with a sunroof. Also concerned with English are ‘A Context-Based Account of English Passives with Indefinite Subjects’ by Aiko Utsugi; ‘Specific NP in Scope’, by Becky Kennedy, who examines sentences like Bill didn’t see a misprint, where the second NP may receive a specific interpretation (i.e. ‘there’s a misprint that Bill didn’t see’, versus the non-specific ‘Bill saw no misprints’); and ‘Some Referential Properties of it and that’ by Akio Kamio and Margaret Thomas, who account for some of the contrasts in use between it and that by arguing that it refers broadly to information already known and already entered into the speaker’s central store of knowledge, while that points narrowly to incoming information that may be either novel or familiar, and is in some sense more peripherally located in the speaker’s knowledge.
Alan Davies, An Introduction to Applied Linguistics: From Practice to Theory is the foundation volume for the new Edinburgh Textbooks series in Applied Linguistics. Intended for first-time students of applied linguistics and for all those generally interested in the relationship between linguistics and applied linguistics, Davies strives to demonstrate that language teaching and learning are not, as is sometimes believed, the only proper concern of applied linguists. The volume is organized as a collection of case studies illustrating the variety of language problems which applied linguistics confronts. Among the aspects discussed are, apart from language learning and teaching, language-programme evaluation, literacy acquisition in the second language (L2), the writing of pedagogical grammars, language and gender, clinical linguistics, forensic linguistics, stylistics, lexicography and several others. Also included are a glossary and a useful exercise section.
DATE-17-10-20 STD-3 HOME LEARNING
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DATE-17-10-20 STD-7 HOME LEARNING
DATE-17-10-20 STD-8 HOME LEARNING
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